Source
Source for: Malusha, 944 - 1002
Index
Name source: S190Page: Malusha/Malfrida[1][2] (Old Ruthenian: Малушa, Old Norse: Málfríðr)[3]
historically is known as a housekeeper (kholopka) for Olga of Kiev and a concubine of Sviatoslav I of Kiev. According to Slavonic chronicles, she was the mother of Vladimir the Great and sister of Dobrynya. The Norse sagas describe Vladimir's mother as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. She was most probably of Northern origin.[4] 2013-02-03
Text: Malusha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Malusha/Malfrida[1][2] (Old Ruthenian: Малушa, Old Norse: Málfríðr)[3] historically is known as a housekeeper (kholopka) for Olga of Kiev and a concubine of Sviatoslav I of Kiev. According to Slavonic chronicles, she was the mother of Vladimir the Great and sister of Dobrynya. The Norse sagas describe Vladimir's mother as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. She was most probably of Northern origin.[4]
[edit]Royal origin
As the chronicles are silent on the subject of Malusha's pedigree, 19th-century Russian and Ukrainian historians devised various theories to explain her parentage and name.
A prominent chronicle researcher and linguist Alexei Shakhmatov considered Malusha to be the daughter of Mstisha Sveneldovich, son of a varangian voevoda Sveinald. He believed that the name Malusha was a slavinized version of a Scandinavian name Malfried.[5] The Primary Chronicle records that a certain Malfried died in 1000. This record follows that of Rogneda's death. Since Rogneda was Vladimir's wife, historians assume that Malfried was another close relative of the ruling prince, preferably his wife or mother.
Another Russian historian Dmitry Ilovaisky came to an opposite conclusion that the Slavic name Malusha was turned into a Scandinavian Malfried.
Ukrainian historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky criticized both of these versions.[citation needed] An archaeologist Dmitry Prozorovsky believed that Malusha was the daughter of Mal, a Drevlyan leader.[citation needed]
[edit]References
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=_mWnGwX9bRwC&pg=PA155&dq=%22his+mothe r+Malusha-Malfrida+%E2%80%94+was+a+clairvoyant%22&hl=no&ei=4wwBTpulIYW Y8QO28KCRDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=o nepage&q=%22his%20mother%20Malusha-Malfrida%20%E2%80%94%20was%20a%20cl airvoyant%22&f=false
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=q5ftAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+real+name+of+Vo lodymyr%27s+mother+was+Malfrid%22&dq=%22The+real+name+of+Volodymyr%27s +mother+was+Malfrid%22&hl=no&ei=dhIBTuTOIIy6-Aauuc3vDQ&sa=X&oi=book_re sult&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA
^ http://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%AD%C3%B0r
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=qTgMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22was+most+probably+o f+Northern%22&dq=%22was+most+probably+of+Northern%22&hl=no&ei=KBABTsqE KIas8QOw7cWfDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=_mWnGwX9bRwC&pg=PA155&dq=%22his+mothe r+Malusha-Malfrida+%E2%80%94+was+a+clairvoyant%22&hl=no&ei=4wwBTpulIYW Y8QO28KCRDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=o nepage&q=%22his%20mother%20Malusha-Malfrida%20%E2%80%94%20was%20a%20cl airvoyant%22&f=false
Name source: S137Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Malusha
Birth source: S137Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Malusha
Death source: S137Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Malusha
Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Malusha
Name source: S137Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Vladimir Great
Death source: S137Page: Database online.
Text: Record for Vladimir Great
Source
Source for: Eric the Victorious, 945 - 995
Index
Name source: S190Page: Eric the Victorious (Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish:
Erik Segersäll) (945? – c. 995) was the first Swedish king (970–995) about whom anything definite is known.[1] 2013-02-03
Text: Eric the Victorious
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Erik Segersäll
King of Sweden
Eric praying to Odin before the Battle of Fýrisvellir, as envisioned by 20th century artist Jenny Nyström
King of Sweden
c. 975-c.995
Olof Skötkonung
Sigríð Storråda
Issue
Olof Skötkonung
HouseHouse of Munsö
FatherBjörn (III) Eriksson
Bornc. 945
Diedc. 995
BurialOld Uppsala
The Sjörup Runestone near Ystad commemorating a dead son "who did not flee at Uppsala", which has been linked with the Battle of Fýrisvellir.
Eric the Victorious (Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll) (945? – c. 995) was the first Swedish king (970–995) about whom anything definite is known.[1] Whether he actually qualifies as King of Sweden has been debated, as his son Olof Skötkonung was the first ruler documented to have been accepted both by the Svear around Lake Mälaren and by the Götar around Lake Vättern.
Sometimes Eric the Victorious is referred to as either King Eric V or VI, modern inventions based on counting backwards from Eric XIV (1560–68), who adopted his numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden. Whether or not there were any Swedish monarchs named Eric before Eric the Victorious is disputed, with some historians claiming that there were several earlier Erics,[2] and others questioning the reliability of the primary sources used and the existence of these earlier monarchs.[3] The list of monarchs after him is also complicated (see Eric Stenkilsson and Eric the Pagan, as well as Erik Årsäll), which makes the assignment of any numeral problematic.
His original territory lay in Uppland and neighbouring provinces. He acquired the name "victorious" as a result of his defeating an invasion from the south in the Battle of Fýrisvellir close to Uppsala.[4] Reports that Eric's brother Olof was the father of his opponent in that battle, Styrbjörn the Strong, belong to the realm of myth.[5]
The extent of his kingdom is unknown. In addition to the Swedish heartland round lake Mälaren it may have extended down the Baltic Sea coast as far south as Blekinge. According to Adam of Bremen, he also briefly controlled Denmark after having defeated Sweyn Forkbeard.
According to the Flateyjarbok, his success was because he allied with the free farmers against the aristocratic jarl class, and it is obvious from archeological findings that the influence of the latter diminished during the last part of the tenth century.[6] He was also, probably, the introducer of the famous medieval Scandinavian system of universal conscription known as the ledung in the provinces around Mälaren.
In all probability he founded the town of Sigtuna, which still exists and where the first Swedish coins were stamped for his son and successor Olof Skötkonung.